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What Is A Bulging Disc? Low Back Pain Sufferers Are Interested To Know
The phrase "bulging disc" is often used to describe a disease where a part of a spinal disc moves outwards, either from an injury or gradual deterioration. The medical term is herniated nucleus pulposus. It can be painful and progressive, and can ultimately require surgery. Whenever a person is given the diagnosis, he ultimately is curious about knowing what is a bulging disc and finds out all he can about his options.
The spinal column is comprised of twenty four segments better known as vertebrae. The first seven, designated cervical, comprise the neck, medically known as the cervical spine. The next twelve are designated thoracic and constitute the center back, or thoracic spine. The remaining five are named lumbar, and comprise the low back, or lumbar spine. With the exception of the first two cervical vertebrae, a spinal disc joins vertebrae together to provide structure, stability, flexibility and resistance from trauma.
The disc itself is a fibrous joint whose outer aspect is constructed of a series of concentric layers containing fibers which slope in an alternating fashion. This is known as the annulus fibrosus. The inner part is known as the nucleus pulposus and has a jelly like consistency that can withstand significant hydrostatic pressure. It is the important part which helps distribute weight placed on the spine, and is the part that can break through and cause the true disk bulge.
Orthopedic surgeons use different terms to express the varying degree of disc bulging. If the nucleus bulges in a broad fashion and the outlying annulus rings remain unchanged, it is called a broad based disc bulge. When the bulge is more narrow, it is called a focalized disc bulge. If the outer annulus fibers have ruptured, letting a portion of the bulge to pass through into the spinal canal, it is known as a disc prolapse. If the section of the nucleus separates the rest of the disc, it is known as a disc sequestration. As one can see, the question "what is a bulging disc" can have several explanations.
A herniated disc is identified with MRI. Most disc herniations take place in the lower back and neck. This is simply because they aren't reinforced by the ribcage as in the thoracic spine. The neck and lower back are more movable in different angles and therefore endure more forces to their spinal discs. An MRI will show the side view, or mid-sagittal, which can clearly indicate the extent of disc herniation. Doctors are interested in the size of the herniation, where it is located, and if it is contacting nerve structure. The upper view, or coronal view will allow the doctor to see the lateral canals where nerve roots exit the spine and travel down to the extremities (arms and legs). Doctors are concerned if the bulge is encroaching or partially closing any of these canals.
So, instead of asking what is a bulging disk one ought to ask "when is a bulging disk considered dangerous?" Typically, any disc bulge that is bigger than five millimieters is evaluated as clinically significant. Most individuals have some degree of disc bulging, that is normal because the disc's job is to cushion the weight placed on the spine. These kinds of bulges are not usually felt. Treatment for disc bulges ranges from no treatment, to spinal surgery. It all relies on the amount of the herniation and whether or not it is pushing on spinal nerves.
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